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1.72万只私募基金 仅三成去年实现正收益******

　　记者 王 宁

　　1月11日，私募排排网发布的2022年年度私募基金业绩榜单显示，有业绩更新的1.72万只私募证券投资基金，去年全年平均收益率为-8.03%。其中，有5080只私募基金取得了正收益，占比为29.49%。从策略分类来看，债券型基金去年整体业绩领先，而股票多类策略基金表现偏弱。

　　多位业内人士向《证券日报》记者表示，2022年权益市场整体走弱，市场风险偏好下行，驱动部分资金流入债券市场，因此债券型基金全年业绩表现尚可。

　　私募排排网数据显示，1.72万只私募证券投资基金首尾业绩相差761.6%。在正收益产品中，有73只产品去年全年收益超100%，170只收益介于50%至100%之间，804只收益介于20%至50%之间，1129只收益介于10%至20%之间；而在负收益产品中，315只去年全年收益低于-50%，4850只收益介于-20%至-50%之间，5327只收益介于-10%至-20%之间。

　　从策略分类来看，1049只债券型产品去年全年平均收益为14.96%，正收益占比为70.46%，远高于其他策略整体收益。其次，1835只期货及衍生品策略产品去年全年平均收益为6.39%，正收益占比为60.31%。

　　此外，11524只股票多头策略基金产品整体收益表现偏弱，去年全年平均收益率仅为-13.47%。相比之下，虽然多资产策略和组合基金策略也未能实现正收益，但表现明显好于股票多头策略。数据显示，2039只多资产策略产品去年全年平均收益率为-3%，其中正收益占比为40.02%；777只组合型基金去年全年平均收益率为-5.55%，正收益占比为28.96%。

　　有分析人士表示，虽然股票多头策略在2022年全年表现不佳，但去年11月份以来，伴随利好政策陆续出台、市场预期改善，A股和港股逐步开启反弹势头，不少股票多头策略私募基金也逐渐收复失地，部分产品甚至已扭亏为盈。不仅如此，进入2023年，多家海内外头部机构也开始积极看多A股、港股，股票多头策略私募基金有望在今年一扫阴霾。

　　值得一提的是，从首尾业绩差来看，债券策略和多资产策略产品首尾业绩分化明显，具体来看：债券型基金首尾业绩差高达6倍以上，组合策略基金由于是分散投资，首尾业绩差在五大策略中最小。而在单产品业绩榜单的Top50中，有38只产品2022年业绩实现翻倍，10只产品实现2倍以上收益。

　　钜阵资本首席投资官龙舫告诉《证券日报》记者，2022年私募业绩整体表现欠佳，但同时也应看到，私募产品业绩表现两极分化严重，例如排名前十的私募产品收益均在100%以上，遥遥领先于其他类基金，但排名靠后的10只产品收益率均在-80%以下，亏损幅度也远超其他类基金。

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）